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mouse: serial mouse interface - Linux Man Pages (4)</title>
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<h1 style="margin-bottom:0;">
mouse (4) - Linux Man Pages</h1>
<h2 class="sub-title">mouse: serial mouse interface</h2>
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<p style="margin:0;">
Command to display <code style="font-size: 0.9em;">mouse</code> manual in Linux: <code style="font-size: 0.9em;">$ man 4 mouse</code>
</p>
</div>
<a name="lbAB"></a>
<h2 class="name">NAME</h2>
<p>
mouse - serial mouse interface
</p>
<a name="lbAC"></a>
<h2>CONFIGURATION</h2>
Serial mice are connected to a serial RS232/V24 dialout line, see
<b><a href="https://www.systutorials.com/docs/linux/man/4-ttyS/">ttyS</a></b>(4)
for a description.
<a name="lbAD"></a>
<h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<a name="lbAE"></a>
<h3>Introduction</h3>
The pinout of the usual 9 pin plug as used for serial mice is:
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<p>
</p><center><table>
<tbody><tr valign="top"><td align="right">pin</td><td align="center">name</td><td>used for<br></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td align="right">2</td><td align="center">RX</td><td>Data<br></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td align="right">3</td><td align="center">TX</td><td>-12 V, Imax = 10 mA<br></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td align="right">4</td><td align="center">DTR</td><td>+12 V, Imax = 10 mA<br></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td align="right">7</td><td align="center">RTS</td><td>+12 V, Imax = 10 mA<br></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td align="right">5</td><td align="center">GND</td><td>Ground<br></td></tr>
</tbody></table></center>
<p>
This is the specification, in fact 9 V suffices with most mice.
</p><p>
The mouse driver can recognize a mouse by dropping RTS to low and raising
it again.
About 14 ms later the mouse will send 0x4D ('M') on the data line.
After a further 63 ms, a Microsoft-compatible 3-button mouse will send
0x33 ('3').
</p><p>
The relative mouse movement is sent as
<i>dx</i>
(positive means right)
and
<i>dy</i>
(positive means down).
Various mice can operate at different speeds.
To select speeds, cycle through the
speeds 9600, 4800, 2400, and 1200 bit/s, each time writing the two characters
from the table below and waiting 0.1 seconds.
The following table shows available speeds and the strings that select them:
</p><p>
</p><center><table>
<tbody><tr valign="top"><td>bit/s</td><td>string<br></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>9600</td><td>*q<br></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>4800</td><td>*p<br></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>2400</td><td>*o<br></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>1200</td><td>*n<br></td></tr>
</tbody></table></center>
<p>
The first byte of a data packet can be used for synchronization purposes.
<a name="lbAF"></a>
</p><h3>Microsoft protocol</h3>
The
<b>Microsoft</b>
protocol uses 1 start bit, 7 data bits, no parity
and one stop bit at the speed of 1200 bits/sec.
Data is sent to RxD in 3-byte packets.
The
<i>dx</i>
and
<i>dy</i>
movements are sent as
two's-complement,
<i>lb</i>
(<i>rb</i>)
are set when the left (right)
button is pressed:
<p>
</p><center><table>
<tbody><tr valign="top"><td align="right">byte</td><td align="center">d6</td><td align="center">d5</td><td align="center">d4</td><td align="center">d3</td><td align="center">d2</td><td align="center">d1</td><td align="center">d0<br></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td align="right">1</td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">lb</td><td align="center">rb</td><td align="center">dy7</td><td align="center">dy6</td><td align="center">dx7</td><td align="center">dx6<br></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td align="right">2</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">dx5</td><td align="center">dx4</td><td align="center">dx3</td><td align="center">dx2</td><td align="center">dx1</td><td align="center">dx0<br></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td align="right">3</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">dy5</td><td align="center">dy4</td><td align="center">dy3</td><td align="center">dy2</td><td align="center">dy1</td><td align="center">dy0<br></td></tr>
</tbody></table></center>
<a name="lbAG"></a>
<h3>3-button Microsoft protocol</h3>
Original Microsoft mice only have two buttons.
However, there are some
three button mice which also use the Microsoft protocol.
Pressing or
releasing the middle button is reported by sending a packet with zero
movement and no buttons pressed.
(Thus, unlike for the other two buttons, the status of the middle
button is not reported in each packet.)
<a name="lbAH"></a>
<h3>Logitech protocol</h3>
Logitech serial 3-button mice use a different extension of the
Microsoft protocol: when the middle button is up, the above 3-byte
packet is sent.
When the middle button is down a 4-byte packet is
sent, where the 4th byte has value 0x20 (or at least has the 0x20
bit set).
In particular, a press of the middle button is reported
as 0,0,0,0x20 when no other buttons are down.
<a name="lbAI"></a>
<h3>Mousesystems protocol</h3>
The
<b>Mousesystems</b>
protocol uses 1 start bit, 8 data bits, no parity
and two stop bits at the speed of 1200 bits/sec.
Data is sent to RxD in
5-byte packets.
<i>dx</i>
is sent as the sum of the two two's-complement
values,
<i>dy</i>
is send as negated sum of the two two's-complement
values.
<i>lb</i>
(<i>mb</i>,
<i>rb</i>)
are cleared when the left (middle,
right) button is pressed:
<p>
</p><center><table>
<tbody><tr valign="top"><td align="right">byte</td><td align="center">d7</td><td align="center">d6</td><td align="center">d5</td><td align="center">d4</td><td align="center">d3</td><td align="center">d2</td><td align="center">d1</td><td align="center">d0<br></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td align="right">1</td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">lb</td><td align="center">mb</td><td align="center">rb<br></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td align="right">2</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">dxa6</td><td align="center">dxa5</td><td align="center">dxa4</td><td align="center">dxa3</td><td align="center">dxa2</td><td align="center">dxa1</td><td align="center">dxa0<br></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td align="right">3</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">dya6</td><td align="center">dya5</td><td align="center">dya4</td><td align="center">dya3</td><td align="center">dya2</td><td align="center">dya1</td><td align="center">dya0<br></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td align="right">4</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">dxb6</td><td align="center">dxb5</td><td align="center">dxb4</td><td align="center">dxb3</td><td align="center">dxb2</td><td align="center">dxb1</td><td align="center">dxb0<br></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td align="right">5</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">dyb6</td><td align="center">dyb5</td><td align="center">dyb4</td><td align="center">dyb3</td><td align="center">dyb2</td><td align="center">dyb1</td><td align="center">dyb0<br></td></tr>
</tbody></table></center>
<p>
Bytes 4 and 5 describe the change that occurred since bytes 2 and 3
were transmitted.
<a name="lbAJ"></a>
</p><h3>Sun protocol</h3>
The
<b>Sun</b>
protocol is the 3-byte version of the above 5-byte
Mousesystems protocol: the last two bytes are not sent.
<a name="lbAK"></a>
<h3>MM protocol</h3>
The
<b>MM</b>
protocol uses 1 start bit, 8 data bits, odd parity and one
stop bit at the speed of 1200 bits/sec.
Data is sent to RxD in 3-byte
packets.
<i>dx</i>
and
<i>dy</i>
are sent as single signed values, the
sign bit indicating a negative value.
<i>lb</i>
(<i>mb</i>,
<i>rb</i>)
are
set when the left (middle, right) button is pressed:
<p>
</p><center><table>
<tbody><tr valign="top"><td align="right">byte</td><td align="center">d7</td><td align="center">d6</td><td align="center">d5</td><td align="center">d4</td><td align="center">d3</td><td align="center">d2</td><td align="center">d1</td><td align="center">d0<br></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td align="right">1</td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">dxs</td><td align="center">dys</td><td align="center">lb</td><td align="center">mb</td><td align="center">rb<br></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td align="right">2</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">dx6</td><td align="center">dx5</td><td align="center">dx4</td><td align="center">dx3</td><td align="center">dx2</td><td align="center">dx1</td><td align="center">dx0<br></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td align="right">3</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">dy6</td><td align="center">dy5</td><td align="center">dy4</td><td align="center">dy3</td><td align="center">dy2</td><td align="center">dy1</td><td align="center">dy0<br></td></tr>
</tbody></table></center>
<a name="lbAL"></a>
<h2>FILES</h2>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><i>/dev/mouse</i>
</dt><dd>
A commonly used symbolic link pointing to a mouse device.
</dd></dl>
<a name="lbAM"></a>
<h2>COLOPHON</h2>
This page is part of release 5.05 of the Linux
<i>man-pages</i>
project.
A description of the project,
information about reporting bugs,
and the latest version of this page,
can be found at
<a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/">https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.</a>
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<div class="man-seealso "><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<b><a href="https://www.systutorials.com/docs/linux/man/4-ttyS/">ttyS</a></b>(4),
<b><a href="https://www.systutorials.com/docs/linux/man/8-gpm/">gpm</a></b>(8)
<a name="lbAN"></a>
</div><div class="related-pages"><h2>Pages related to mouse</h2><ul><li><a href="https://www.systutorials.com/docs/linux/man/4-mousedrv/">mousedrv (4)</a> - Xorg mouse input driver</li><li><a href="https://www.systutorials.com/docs/linux/man/4-modesetting/">modesetting (4)</a> - video driver for framebuffer device</li><li><a href="https://www.systutorials.com/docs/linux/man/4-modulefile/">modulefile (4)</a> - files containing Tcl code for the Modules package</li><li><a href="https://www.systutorials.com/docs/linux/man/4-vmmouse/">vmmouse (4)</a> - VMware Mouse input driver</li></ul></div>
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<div class="man-index sidebar-item"><a name="index"></a><h2>Index</h2>
<dl>
<dt><a href="#lbAB">NAME</a></dt><dd>
</dd><dt><a href="#lbAC">CONFIGURATION</a></dt><dd>
</dd><dt><a href="#lbAD">DESCRIPTION</a></dt><dd>
<dl>
<dt><a href="#lbAE">Introduction</a></dt><dd>
</dd><dt><a href="#lbAF">Microsoft protocol</a></dt><dd>
</dd><dt><a href="#lbAG">3-button Microsoft protocol</a></dt><dd>
</dd><dt><a href="#lbAH">Logitech protocol</a></dt><dd>
</dd><dt><a href="#lbAI">Mousesystems protocol</a></dt><dd>
</dd><dt><a href="#lbAJ">Sun protocol</a></dt><dd>
</dd><dt><a href="#lbAK">MM protocol</a></dt><dd>
</dd></dl>
</dd><dt><a href="#lbAL">FILES</a></dt><dd>
</dd><dt><a href="#lbAM">SEE ALSO</a></dt><dd>
</dd><dt><a href="#lbAN">COLOPHON</a></dt><dd>
</dd></dl>
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<div class="man-seealso sidebar-item"><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<b><a href="https://www.systutorials.com/docs/linux/man/4-ttyS/">ttyS</a></b>(4),
<b><a href="https://www.systutorials.com/docs/linux/man/8-gpm/">gpm</a></b>(8)
<a name="lbAN"></a>
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</div>
<div class="sidebar-item"><h2>Pages related to mouse</h2><ul><li><a href="https://www.systutorials.com/docs/linux/man/4-mousedrv/">mousedrv (4)</a> - Xorg mouse input driver</li><li><a href="https://www.systutorials.com/docs/linux/man/4-modesetting/">modesetting (4)</a> - video driver for framebuffer device</li><li><a href="https://www.systutorials.com/docs/linux/man/4-modulefile/">modulefile (4)</a> - files containing Tcl code for the Modules package</li><li><a href="https://www.systutorials.com/docs/linux/man/4-vmmouse/">vmmouse (4)</a> - VMware Mouse input driver</li></ul></div>
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