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<h1 class="nodetitle">Mouse protocol</h1>
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<td style="text-align:left" class="wu_author">by <a name="Gruime"></a><strong><a href="https://everything2.com/user/Gruime" class="author">Gruime</a></strong> </td>
<td style="text-align:right" class="wu_dtcreate"><small class="date" title="Jan 12 2003 at 0:28:32">Sun Jan 12 2003 at 0:28:32</small></td>
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PC Mice come in various flavours :
the <b><a href="https://everything2.com/title/BUS" title="BUS" class="populated">BUS</a></b> mouse,
the standard <b><a href="https://everything2.com/title/PS%252F2" title="PS/2" class="populated">PS/2</a></b> mouse,
the <b><a href="https://everything2.com/title/serial+port" title="serial port" class="populated">serial</a></b> mouse,
and the <b><a href="https://everything2.com/title/USB" title="USB" class="populated">USB</a></b> mouse.
I do not know if there are <a href="https://everything2.com/title/FireWire" title="FireWire" class="populated">FireWire</a> mice available but it isn't technologically impossible.
<p>
</p><ul><li>BUS mice are the oldest. They are also called <a href="https://everything2.com/title/ISA" title="ISA" class="populated">ISA</a> mice because they are usually connected to the
PC using an ISA card. Everything is handled by the ISA card and the mouse soely consists of
the detectors and buttons.
</li><li>
PS/2 mice are the best because nearly every recent computer is equipped with a PS/2 port
and the logic is hard coded on the <a href="https://everything2.com/title/motherboard" title="motherboard" class="populated">motherboard</a>. As a consequence, the CPU is not used to
decode packet data sent by the mouse which saves a few <a href="https://everything2.com/title/cpu+cycles" title="cpu cycles" class="populated">cycles</a>.
</li><li>
Serial mice do not use the CPU for data transmission either but they take up a <a href="https://everything2.com/title/serial+port" title="serial port" class="populated">serial port</a>, which
can be very annoying on single-serial-port computers.
</li><li>
The USB mice is probably the easiest to use, but data is transmitted via the USB bus and
therefore decoded by the CPU. But today's computers are so powerful that it makes no
difference for the user. Nevertheless I can't bear seeing an USB mouse on a PS/2 compliant
machine because I think of all the CPU cycles that are lost for nothing.
<h5>Thanks to Xenex for pointing out the "silky smoothness" of USB mice. This is because their <a href="https://everything2.com/title/mouse" title="mouse" class="populated">refresh rate</a> is higher by default. The <a href="https://everything2.com/title/mouse" title="mouse" class="populated">refresh rate</a> of PS/2 mice can be changed up to 200 <a href="https://everything2.com/title/Hz" title="Hz" class="populated">Hz</a> by sending the appropriate message to the mouse controller. (<a href="https://everything2.com/title/ps2rate" title="ps2rate" class="populated">ps2rate</a> does this under Windows) This is mainly used by <a href="https://everything2.com/title/quakers" title="quakers" class="populated">quakers</a> who tune their system to get the higher <a href="https://everything2.com/title/FPS" title="FPS" class="populated">FPS</a> possible. Therefore they need the softest mouse movement possible to <a href="https://everything2.com/title/frag" title="frag" class="populated">frag</a> their ennemies.</h5>
</li></ul>
<h1>The serial mouse</h1>
This type of mouse is connected directly to the <a href="https://everything2.com/title/serial+port" title="serial port" class="populated">serial port</a> and uses the standard <a href="https://everything2.com/title/RS-232" title="RS-232" class="populated">RS-232C</a>
protocol. The mouse gets its current from the RS-232 DRT and RTS pins and uses less than 15 mA.
<h4>Pinout</h4>
<pre> Pin | Name | Mouse Usage
-------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------
shell | Protective Ground |
3 | TD | Serial data from host to mouse (only for power)
2 | RD | Serial data from mouse to host
7 | RTS | Positive voltage to mouse
8 | CTS |
6 | DSR |
5 | Signal Ground |
4 | DTR | Positive voltage to mouse and reset/detection
</pre>
<h4>Packet detail</h4>
When the mouse state changes, it sends a packet consisting of 3 (Microsoft mouse flavour)
or 5 (Logitech/mouse systems corp. mouse flavour) to the computer.
Each packet contains the buttons pressed and the relative position since the last packet.
<pre><b>Microsoft mouse flavour</b>
<b> Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0</b>
x 1 L R Y7 Y6 X7 X6 Byte 0
x 0 X5 X4 X3 X2 X1 X0 Byte 1
x 0 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 Byte 2
</pre>
L = Left Button (1 when pressed)<br>
R = Right Button (1 when pressed)<br>
X0..X7 = X distance 8-bit <a href="https://everything2.com/title/twos+complement" title="twos complement" class="populated">two's complement</a> value -128 to +127<br>
Y0..Y7 = Y distance 8-bit <a href="https://everything2.com/title/twos+complement" title="twos complement" class="populated">two's complement</a> value -128 to +127<br>
<pre><b>Logitech/mouse systems corp. mouse flavour</b>
<b> Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0</b>
1 0 0 0 0 L M R Byte 0
X7 X6 X5 X4 X3 X2 X1 X0 Byte 1
Y7 Y6 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 Byte 2
X7 X6 X5 X4 X3 X2 X1 X0 Byte 3
Y7 Y6 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 Byte 4
</pre>
L = Left Button (1 when pressed)<br>
M = Middle Button (1 when pressed)<br>
R = Right Button (1 when pressed)<br>
X0..X7 = X distance 8-bit <a href="https://everything2.com/title/twos+complement" title="twos complement" class="populated">two's complement</a> value -127 to +127<br>
Y0..Y7 = Y distance 8-bit <a href="https://everything2.com/title/twos+complement" title="twos complement" class="populated">two's complement</a> value -127 to +127<br>
<p>
As you can see, a serial mouse driver is really easy to implement.
</p><h5>
http://www.hut.fi/~then/mytexts/mouse.html
</h5>
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